: Contractual duties are born from private agreements, whereas tort duties are imposed by law regardless of consent.
The textbook is regularly updated (e.g., the 2019 edition is widely used) and is available through Philippine law bookstores or secondary markets like Shopee or Facebook law book groups . torts and damages de leon
: A tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which the law provides a remedy in the form of damages. : The primary goal is to compensate : Contractual duties are born from private agreements,