Iser, W. (1974). The Implied Reader. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Metaphysical qualities are not stated; they are shown through the concretization process. A detective story without the quality of “the menacing” falls flat. A tragedy without “the tragic” is merely sad. Ingarden insists that the presence of such qualities is what distinguishes a mere literary text (e.g., a telephone directory) from a literary work of art . roman ingarden the literary work of art pdf
Ingarden, a Polish philosopher, was heavily influenced by phenomenology, particularly the works of Edmund Husserl. Ingarden's philosophical background is essential to understanding his approach to literary art. He drew on Husserl's phenomenological method to develop his own theory of literary art, focusing on the essential structures and characteristics of literary works. Iser, W